Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.     

灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的测定

建立了灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的检测方法。方法以齐墩果酸作为标准品．用香草醛一高氯酸发色体系进行比色．确定灵芝发酵菌丝三萜含量测定的实验条件．结果三萜类在20—140ug范围内有很好的线性关系．y=0．005x-0．019r=0．998。结论本法简便、准确、重复性好．可用于灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类含量的检测．以鉴定灵芝的品质及其产品的三萜含量。     

灵芝组方保肝的研究

按照国家保健食品审批标准，对灵芝组方后提取有效部份，进行保肝实验，研究结果表明．以0.67、2．00、6．00g／kgBw剂量的灵芝益甘粉灌胃给予小鼠30d，并以四氯化碳造成急性肝损伤模型．灵芝益甘粉067、6．00g／kgBW剂量组的AST，6．00g／kgBW剂量组肝细胞坏死病变程度均低于模型对照组．差异有显著性（P〈0．05）．灵芝益甘粉对化学性损伤有保护功能．     

灵芝多糖液体发酵条件优化

从一系列灵芝(Ganoderma sp.)菌种中筛选出多糖产量高、生长快的紫灵芝菌株(G.japoncium),研究了不同氮源、碳源及金属离子对紫灵芝产多糖的影响。结果表明,以2%的蔗糖为碳源,0.2%的豆饼粉为氮源,0.2%的FeSO4为培养基可获得较高多糖。发酵罐放大实验表明,采用同样的培养基,每100mL发酵液胞外粗多糖含量可高达181.7mg,每100mL发酵液菌丝体含量可高达151.0mg,发酵过程中pH值的变化比较缓和,相对摇瓶生长,发酵生产可获得更多的灵芝多糖。     

灵芝和菌糠降低鸡蛋胆固醇的试验研究

选取48周龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡120羽,随机分成3组,试验期为4周,对照组Ⅰ组喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ组添加2.5g/kg灵芝,试验Ⅲ组添加2.5g/kg菌糠,在一致的背景下,探讨灵芝、菌糠对鸡蛋胆固醇的影响。结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ组可降低蛋鸡血液甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)含量,增高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量;3组之间料蛋比差异显著,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组料蛋比分别比对照组低6.4%(P<0.05)、11.0%(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均产蛋率分别比对照组提高5.38%(P<0.05)和3.29%(P<0.05)。试验4周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡蛋胆固醇含量分别降低15.3%(P<0.05)和10.4%(P<0.05),且两组间差异显著(P<0.05),研究表明灵芝及菌糠均能提高蛋鸡生产性能,降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量。相比之下,灵芝是降低鸡蛋胆固醇较为理想的添加剂。     

不同灵芝类群药效的特异性研究

通过对10种灵芝的表型性状及亲缘关系进行分析将灵芝聚为3类,对不同类群灵芝菌株的免疫调节、抗疲劳及改善睡眠的药效作用进行了比较研究。结果表明:灵芝的功效具有特异性,不同类群间存在功效差异性。     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells in the brain from epileptic rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and apoptosis of nerve cells in rats with epilepsy established by pentetrazole. METHODS: The sub-eclampsia dosage of pentetrazole (PTZ) was used to make epilepsy model. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was given from stomach. The enduring time and latent period were recorded. The immune reactivity of IGF-1, NF-κB/P65 and apoptosis of nerve cells were measured with immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL method. RESULTS: In high power sight (×400), there were much more apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of model group (18.80±2.13, 16.87±2.00) than those in control group (0.97±0.52, 0.58±0.25). The expressions of IGF-1, NF-κB in model group were higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the latent period of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group at the 17th, 21th, 25th days were longer (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively).There were less apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group (12.30±2.46, 10.48±1.33) than those in model group. The expression of NF-κB/P65 in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was lower than that in model group, but the immune reactivity of IGF-1 increased more distinctly in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group than that in model group. CONCLUSION: IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells may have play a role in occurrence and development of PTZ-induced epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder can suppress expression of NF-κB strongly, and facilitate the immune reactivity of IGF-1, which may be one of the mechanisms by which Ganoderma lucidum spores powder restrains the apoptosis of nerve cells caused by epilepsy to prevent the damages of nerve cells.     

女贞果实色素特性研究

从女贞果实中提取色素,对其进行分离纯化,测定其光谱;并采用正交设计方法对女贞果实色素的稳定性进行试验.结果表明:女贞果实色素在20℃,pH值2,氧化剂浓度为0.01%的情况下稳定性好;同时表明pH值对其稳定性影响很小;温度达到80℃时该色素受到破坏,氧化剂(H2O2)的浓度很低时(0.01%),色素就会受到破坏.     

灵芝子实体及其深层培养产物特性的研究

本文对灵芝（Ｇ—６）子实体与发酵菌丝体的粗多糖、多糖组份、粗蛋白及氨基酸组成进行了比较。结果表明：发酵菌丝体中含有子实体中所具备的组份,但各组份在量上不同。菌丝体中的粗多糖及多糖含量均高于子实体分别为子实体的２．２６倍、３．５倍。菌丝体的蛋白含量明显高于子实体,比子实体高２．４７倍,且两者氨基酸组成不一致。其中子实体中必需氨基酸为总氨基酸量的５８．４％,而菌丝体中必需氨基酸为总氨基酸的４５．２％。     

原木灵芝孢子研究：（Ⅲ）与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子的鉴别

原木灵芝孢子与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子可以鉴别如下:1.在扫描电镜下,前者形态饱满,后者大多数孢壁内陷;2.X-射线能谱面扫描分析结果表明,两者Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Ni等无机元素相对含量差异显著,前者Si、Ca含量较高;3.高效液相色谱分析结果表明,前者灵芝酸(Ganoderic acid)A、B等灵芝三萜酸含量较高,而后者未检出Ganoderic acid C;4.孢子粉经乙醚脱脂后用乙醇回流提取、浓缩成浸膏,前者提取率(固形物含量)达4.2％～4.8％,而后者仅为1.9％～2.1％。